Magdeburg Law

A building block of modern Europe

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Portraits of Historic Cities

  • Lenzen (Elbe) (Germany)

    Lenzen an der Elbe: Town Law with Hanseatic References Lenzen, which is favorably situated for shipping traffic between the Elbe and Elde rivers directly on the Löcknitz, adopted the law of the town of Salzwedel in the Middle Ages. When exactly this act of transfer took place cannot be determined with certainty. From the available... read more

  • Herzberg (Elster) (Germany)

    Herzberg an der Elster – Councilors Communicate Town Law As for so many towns, there is no town law granting document for Herzberg, which is located on the Elster River and today belongs to Brandenburg. However, the existing sources indicate clearly that the Counts of Brehna supported the early urban development of the settlement, which... read more

  • Apenburg (Germany)

    A market hamlet in the Altmark and its medieval legal history between sovereign and aristocracy  “[Greater] Apenburg was always a market hamlet and only occasionally referred to itself as a town”, states town historian Evamaria Engel. Despite her assessment and despite rudimentary medieval sources, Apenburg has a remarkable history of town law, which only a... read more

From the Glossary

  • Lay Judges and the Lay Judges’ Bench

    Schöffen or lay judges are individuals who administer justice. In the Middle Ages, they were also occupied with governance. The term Schöffe denotes an assesor and is derived from the Germanic word skapjan, meaning rule in the legal sense. In the Germanic era, mediation and the administration of justice were the responsibility of the entire... read more

  • Municipal Law (General)

    Medieval municipal law comprised the rules of law in force in a city, which normally consisted of a collection of privileges granted externally and rules laid down internally. The existence and validity of a specific law differing from the law of the surrounding region is one of a medieval city’s most important features. Inevitably granted... read more

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