Magdeburg Law

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Portraits of Historic Cities

  • Kėdainiai (Lithuania)

    ‘Magdeburgien’ in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania existed between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries, in personal union with Poland since the end of the fourteenth century and in real union from 1569 onward. Among its urban settlements, the foremost were those – over 250 in number – endowed with the... read more

  • Barczewko / Alt-Wartenburg (Poland)

    A civic settlement in the ‘Great Wilderness’, founded and destroyed within a quarter of a century: At the side of Lake Wadag, at the village of Barczewko/Alt-Wartenburg near Olsztyn (Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland), lie the walls of the first town of Wartenburg (Barczewko), destroyed during hostilities in 1354. Today’s Barczewo stands on the site of... read more

  • Lviv / Lemberg (Ukraine)

    One city, four municipalities: The city of Lviv (L’viv/Lemberg) in today’s Ukraine is situated on what was once a trading route from the Bavarian cities of Regensburg and Nuremberg to Prague, Kraków and beyond to Constantinople and the Black Sea ports. Archaeological finds bear witness to settlement in the region starting in the sixth century... read more

From the Glossary

  • Weichbild (Weichbildrecht) and Sächsisches Weichbild

    The term Weichbild (municipal jurisdiction), stemming from the Middle Low German word wikbelde, spread into Northern and Central Germany from the 12th century onward. The word element wik refers to pre-urban origins and means something like village, estate or independent settlement. It frequently appears in place names, e.g. Brunswik (Braunschweig). The root word bild, in... read more

  • Lay Judges and the Lay Judges’ Bench

    Schöffen or lay judges are individuals who administer justice. In the Middle Ages, they were also occupied with governance. The term Schöffe denotes an assesor and is derived from the Germanic word skapjan, meaning rule in the legal sense. In the Germanic era, mediation and the administration of justice were the responsibility of the entire... read more

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